Yurij Borisovich Rumer (1901–1985) was a Russian physicist. He was known in the West as Georg Rumer.
He spent some years in Göttingen (Germany) during the 1930s and had contacts with many of the prominent physicists and mathematicians of that time, including Einstein, Hilbert, Born, von Neumann, Landau and Gamow.
In 1932, Rumer wrote—in conjunction with Edward Teller and Hermann Weyl—an important paper on Valence bond theory, which is a quantum explanation of the chemical bond in molecules.
In 1938 Rumer was arrested while working at the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute as part of the UPTI Affair. He was imprisoned with Lev Landau and Moisey Korets and subsequently exiled. While in exile, he worked on Einstein's Unified Field Theory.